Display device

ABSTRACT

The invention is directed to a higher contrast in a display device having a lighting device as a front light. A lighting portion is attached to a reflective liquid crystal display portion. A first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate made of a glass substrate etc. are attached to each other with a sealing layer coated on those peripheral portions therebetween. The back surface of the first transparent substrate is attached to the reflective liquid crystal display portion, and an organic EL element is formed on the front surface of the first transparent substrate. The organic EL element is sealed in a space surrounded by the first transparent substrate, the second transparent substrate, and the sealing layer. The organic EL element is formed in a region corresponding to a pixel region of the reflective liquid crystal display portion. A desiccant layer is formed on the front surface of the second transparent substrate.

CROSS-REFERENCE OF THE INVENTION

This application is based on Japanese Patent Application Nos.2005-148489 and 2005-148490, the contents of which are incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to a display device having a lighting portion on areflective liquid crystal display portion.

2. Description of the Related Art

A liquid crystal display device (hereafter, referred to as a LCD) isthin and consumes low power in its characteristics, and has been broadlyused as a monitor of a computer or a monitor of a mobile data terminalsuch as a cellular phone. There are a transmissive LCD, a reflectiveLCD, and a semi-transmissive LCD as the LCD.

In the transmissive LCD, a transparent electrode is used as a pixelelectrode for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal and a back light isset in the rear of the LCD, so that a bright display can be realized bycontrolling a transmission amount of light of this back light even inthe dark. However, in an environment where external light is strong suchas out of doors in the daytime, a contrast can not be obtained enough.

The reflective LCD uses external light such as sunlight or interiorlight as a light source, and reflects the external light entering theLCD by a reflective pixel electrode formed of a reflective layer formedon a substrate on a viewer side. The reflective LCD makes a display bycontrolling an amount of light released from a LCD panel in each of thepixels after the light enters a liquid crystal and is reflected by thereflective pixel electrode. Since this reflective LCD uses externallight as a light source, there is a problem that the display can not bemade in an environment of no external light.

The semi-transmissive LCD has both the transmissive function and thereflective function, and is applicable to both the bright and darkenvironments. However, since this semi-transmissive LCD has atransmissive region and a reflective region in a pixel, there is aproblem of low display efficiency in each of the pixels.

For solving this, it has been suggested that a front light is providedin the reflective LCD to realize a display even in the dark environment.FIG. 31 is a view showing the reflective LCD with the front light. Atransparent acrylic plate 110 is disposed, being opposed to a displaysurface of a reflective LCD 100. A plurality of grooves 111 shaped ininverted triangles is formed on a surface of this transparent acrylicplate 110, which is on the opposite side to the side opposed to thereflective LCD. Furthermore, a light source 112 is disposed on a sidesurface of the transparent acrylic plate 110. Light entering thetransparent acrylic plate 110 from the light source 112 is refracted ina direction to the reflective LCD 100 by inclined surfaces of thegrooves 111, and enters the display surface of the reflective LCD 100.

The relating technology is described in the Japanese Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2003-255375.

However, the light entering the transparent acrylic plate 110 from thelight source 112 is refracted in a direction to a viewer 113 on theopposite side to the reflective LCD 100 by a small amount as well as inthe direction to the reflective LCD 100 by the inclined surfaces of thegrooves 111 provided in the transparent acrylic plate 110. Therefore,the small amount of light leaks from the transparent acrylic plate 110to reach the eyes of the viewer 113, causing a problem of degrading thecontrast of a LCD display.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The features of the invention are as follows.

A display device of the invention as the first feature includes alighting portion disposed on a reflective liquid crystal displayportion, the lighting portion including: a first substrate attached tothe reflective liquid crystal display portion on its back surface; asecond substrate attached to the first substrate with a sealing layerinterposed therebetween; and an organic electroluminescent elementdisposed on a front surface of the first substrate including an anodelayer made of a transparent electrode material and having apredetermined pattern, an organic layer covering the anode layer, and acathode layer having a pattern superposed on the anode layer with theorganic layer interposed therebetween, and the reflective liquid crystaldisplay portion including: a plurality of pixels; a third substrateformed with a reflective pixel electrode receiving light emitted by theorganic electroluminescent element in each of the pixels; a fourthsubstrate disposed on the third substrate and formed with a commonelectrode on its front surface; and a liquid crystal layer sealedbetween the third substrate and the fourth substrate.

A display device of the invention as the second feature includes alighting portion disposed on a reflective liquid crystal displayportion, the lighting portion including: a first substrate attached tothe reflective liquid crystal display portion on its back surface; asecond substrate attached to the first substrate with a sealing layerinterposed therebetween; an organic electroluminescent element disposedon a front surface of the second substrate including an anode layer, anorganic layer covering the anode layer, and a cathode layer formed onthe organic layer to have a predetermined pattern and made of asemitransparent electrode material; and a light shield layer formedunder the anode layer to have a pattern corresponding to the cathodelayer and shielding light emitted by the organic electroluminescentelement, and the reflective liquid crystal display portion including: aplurality of pixels; a third substrate formed with a reflective pixelelectrode receiving light emitted by the organic electroluminescentelement in each of the pixels; a fourth substrate disposed on the thirdsubstrate and formed with a common electrode on its front surface; and aliquid crystal layer sealed between the third substrate and the fourthsubstrate.

A display device of the invention as the third feature includes alighting portion disposed on a reflective liquid crystal displayportion, the lighting portion including: a first substrate attached tothe reflective liquid crystal display portion on its back surface; asecond substrate attached to the first substrate with a sealing layerinterposed therebetween; and an organic electroluminescent elementdisposed on a front surface of the second substrate including a cathodelayer having a predetermined pattern, an organic layer covering thecathode layer, and an anode layer made of a semitransparent ortransparent material on the organic layer, and the reflective liquidcrystal display portion including: a plurality of pixels; a thirdsubstrate formed with a reflective pixel electrode receiving lightemitted by the organic electroluminescent element in each of the pixels;a fourth substrate disposed on the third substrate and formed with acommon electrode on its front surface; and a liquid crystal layer sealedbetween the third substrate and the fourth substrate.

The display device of the invention uses an organic electroluminescentelement of a bottom emission type (a type of emitting light from organicelectroluminescent element toward a substrate formed with the organicelectroluminescent element) as a front light, and can realize a brightand high contrast liquid crystal display in both bright and darkenvironments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a first cross-sectional view of a display device of a firstembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 2 is a second cross-sectional view of the display device of thefirst embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of a portion of a pixel region 310 of a reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 along line X-X.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a portion of the pixel region 310 of thereflective liquid crystal display portion 300.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of a secondembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a first cross-sectional view of a display device of a thirdembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a second cross-sectional view of the display device of thethird embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 9 is a third cross-sectional view of the display device of thethird embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of a fourthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 11 is a first cross-sectional view of a display device of a fifthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 12 is a second cross-sectional view of the display device of thefifth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 13 is a third cross-sectional view of the display device of thefifth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of an organic EL element of thedisplay device of the fifth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of a sixthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of an organic EL element 12.

FIG. 17 is a first cross-sectional view of a display device of a seventhembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 18 is a second cross-sectional view of the display device of theseventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 along line X-X.

FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of an eighthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 21 is a first cross-sectional view of a display device of a ninthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 22 is a second cross-sectional view of the display device of theninth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 23 is a third cross-sectional view of the display device of theninth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of a tenthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 25 is a first cross-sectional view of a display device of aneleventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 26 is a second cross-sectional view of the display device of theeleventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 27 is a third cross-sectional view of the display device of theeleventh embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of a twelfthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of an organic EL element.

FIG. 30 is a cross-sectional view of an organic EL element.

FIG. 31 is a view of a reflective LCD with a front light.

FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of a thirteenthembodiment of the invention.

FIG. 33 is a pattern view of a cathode layer of the display device ofthe thirteenth embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a display device of a fourteenthembodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A display device of a first embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to figures. First, the whole structure of thisdisplay device will be described referring to FIG. 1. A lighting portion200 is attached on a reflective liquid crystal display portion 300. Thestructure of the lighting portion 200 is as follows. A first transparentsubstrate 10 and a second transparent substrate 20 made of a glasssubstrate, etc. are attached to each other with a sealing layer 11 madeof resin, etc. coated on those peripheral portions therebetween.

The back surface of the first transparent substrate 10 is attached tothe reflective liquid crystal display portion 300, and an organicelectroluminescent element 12 (hereafter, referred to as an “organic ELelement 12”) is formed on the front surface of the first transparentsubstrate 10. Thus, the organic EL element 12 is sealed in a spacesurrounded by the first transparent substrate 10, the second transparentsubstrate 20, and the sealing layer 11. The organic EL element 12 isformed in a region corresponding to a pixel region 310 (see FIG. 3) ofthe reflective liquid crystal display portion 300.

The organic EL element 12 has an anode layer 13 formed on the firsttransparent substrate 10, an organic layer 14 formed covering this anodelayer 13, and a plurality of cathode layers 15 with a linear patternformed on this organic layer 14. The anode layer 13 is made of atransparent conductive material such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO(Indium Zinc Oxide). The organic layer 14 is made of an electrontransport layer, and an missive layer, and a hole transport layer. Thecathode layer 15 is, for example, an aluminum layer (Al layer), or alayered body made of a magnesium layer (Mg layer) and a silver layer (Aglayer). It is preferable that the anode layer 13 is 100 nm, the organiclayer 14 is 200 nm, and the cathode layer 15 is 500 nm in thickness.

A portion of the organic layer 14 that is interposed between the anodelayer 13 and the cathode layer 15 is an emissive region. That is, aportion of the organic layer 14 immediately under the cathode layer 15is the emissive region, and this emissive region forms the same linearpattern as the cathode layer 15 in its plan view. The emissive regionemits light by applying a positive potential to the anode layer 13 and anegative potential to the cathode layer 15.

Light emitted downward from the emissive region goes to the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300 through the transparent anode layer13 and the first transparent substrate 10. Most of light emitted upwardfrom the emissive region is reflected downward by the cathode layer 15and goes to the reflective liquid crystal display portion 300 throughthe transparent anode layer 13 and the first transparent substrate 10.This minimizes the light emitted from the emissive region from directlyentering the eyes of a viewer watching the lighting portion 200 fromthereabove, and thus enhances the display contrast of the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300.

The anode layer 13 can be formed in a predetermined region by aphotoetching technology after a transparent conductive material such asITO or IZO is formed on the first transparent substrate 10. The organiclayer 14 and the cathode layer 15 can be formed in a predeterminedregion by a vapor-deposition method using a mask.

Since moisture infiltration degrades the emission characteristics of theorganic EL element 12, it is preferable to form a desiccant layer 16 onthe front surface of the second transparent substrate 20 so as to facethe first transparent substrate 10, for preventing the infiltration.Moisture infiltrating into the sealed space through the sealing layer 11is absorbed by the desiccant layer 16.

It is preferable that the desiccant layer 16 is formed on the peripheralportion of the second transparent substrate 20 without overlapping theorganic EL element 12 so as to avoid blocking external light enteringthe organic EL element 12 through the second transparent substrate 20.However, the desiccant layer 16 is not necessarily formed in such amanner when it is made of a transparent material. It is preferable toattach an antireflection film 21 on the back surface of the secondtransparent substrate 20 for preventing reflection of external light.

It is possible to fill the space surrounded by the first transparentsubstrate 10, the second transparent substrate 20, and the sealing layer11 with resin 17 having the same or almost the same refractive index asthat of the first transparent substrate 10, as shown in FIG. 2.Alternatively, the resin 17 and the sealing layer 11 can be formedintegrally.

With this structure, moisture infiltrating through the sealing layer 11can be certainly blocked. Since an air layer exists between the organicEL element 12 and the second transparent substrate 20 in the structureof FIG. 1, external light entering the second transparent substrate 20is reflected by an interface between the air layer and the secondtransparent substrate 20, thereby degrading the contrast of a liquidcrystal display. On the other hand, with the structure of FIG. 2,external light entering the second transparent substrate 20 enters thereflective liquid crystal display portion 300 without reflected by theinterface of the second transparent substrate 20, thereby enhancing thecontrast of a liquid crystal display. It is possible to provide thestructure of FIG. 2 with the desiccant layer 16 of FIG. 1.

Next, the structure of the reflective liquid crystal display portion 300lighted by the described lighting portion 200 and its connection withthe lighting portion 200 will be described referring to FIGS. 3 and 4.FIG. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the pixel region 310 of the liquidcrystal display portion 300, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view ofFIG. 3 along line X-X. A switching thin film transistor 31 (hereafter,referred to as a TFT) is formed in each of the plurality of pixelsprovided on a third transparent substrate 30 (TFT substrate) made of aglass substrate. The TFT 31 is covered with an interlayer insulationfilm 32, and a reflective pixel electrode 33 made of a reflectivematerial such as aluminum (Al) is formed on the interlayer insulationfilm 32, corresponding to each of the TFTs 31. The reflective pixelelectrode 33 is connected with a drain or a source of the correspondingTFT 31 through a contact hole CH formed in the interlayer insulationfilm 32.

A fourth transparent substrate 34 (opposing substrate) made of a glasssubstrate is disposed, being opposed to the third transparent substrate30 formed with the reflective pixel electrodes 33. A common electrode 35made of ITO is formed on the front surface of the fourth transparentsubstrate 34. A light scattering layer 36 made of a diffusion adhesionlayer and a polarizing plate 37 are layered on the back surface of thefourth transparent substrate 34 in this order. The light scatteringlayer 36 is provided for scattering light from the lighting portion 200to equally irradiate the pixel electrode 33 with the light. A liquidcrystal layer 40 is sealed between the fourth transparent substrate 34and the third transparent substrate 30.

With the described structure, light emitted from the lighting portion200 is polarized in a predetermined direction by the polarizing plate37, passes through the light scattering layer 36, the fourth transparentsubstrate 34, and the common electrode 35, enters the liquid crystallayer 40, and is reflected by the reflective pixel electrodes 33. Thelight reflected by the reflective pixel electrodes 33 returns throughthe same route and is visually recognized by a viewer through spacesbetween the lines of the cathode layers 15.

At this time, light transmittance changes in each of the pixels by anelectric field applied between the pixel electrodes 33 and the commonelectrode 35. Therefore, intensity of light reflected by the pixelelectrodes 33 changes in each of the pixels, so that a LCD display canbe realized. As described above, since the cathode layer 15 of thelighting portion 200 functions as a light shield layer and thus leakageof the light from the light emissive region of the organic EL element 12can be minimized, the contrast of a LCD display can be enhanced.

It is preferable that the lighting portion 200 is disposed above thereflective liquid crystal display portion 300 adjacently. However, if anair layer exists between the lighting portion 200 and the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300, light emitted from the firsttransparent substrate 10 of the lighting portion 200 is reflected by aninterface between the first transparent substrate 10 and the air layerwhen entering the air layer and returns to the viewer side, so that thecontrast can be degraded.

Therefore, it is preferable to attach the lighting portion 200 and thereflective liquid crystal display portion 300 with a resin layer 45(e.g. a UV curable resin layer or a visible light curable resin layer)having the same refractive index as that of the first transparentsubstrate 10 therebetween, for preventing the light reflection.

Next, a positional relationship between the lighting portion 200 and thepixels of the reflective LCD 300 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3,three types of pixels R, G, and B corresponding to three primary colorsof red, green, and blue respectively are arrayed in a row direction (x)and a column direction (y) in the pixel region 310 of the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300. Although FIG. 3 shows a delta arraywhere the pixels R, G, and B are shifted in each of the rows, theinvention is not limited to this and can form a stripe array where thepixels R, G, and B are arrayed in order in each of the rows. The linesof the cathode layers 15 of the lighting portion 200 extend in the rowdirection (x) along the boundaries of the pixels R, G,and B.

Each of the pixels has a TFT 31 and a reflective pixel electrode 33. Apitch P1 of the lines of the cathode layers 15 of the lighting portion200 is equal to a pitch P2 of the pixels. It is preferable to disposethe lines of the cathode layers 15 of the lighting portion 200 rightabove separating regions SR of the reflective pixel electrodes 33, whichdo not contribute to a liquid crystal display. This provides anadvantage that most of light reflected by the reflective pixelelectrodes 33 is visually recognized by a viewer through the spacesbetween the lines of the plurality of cathode layers 15 without blockedby the cathode layers 15.

It is possible that the pitch P1 of the lines of the cathode layers 15of the lighting portion 200 is smaller than the pitch P2 of the pixelsand a ratio of the pitch P1 of the lines of the cathode layers 15 to thepitch P2 of the pixels (P1/P2) is 1/natural number. Althoughinterference fringes or moiré fringes can occur in a liquid crystaldisplay when the line pitch is equal to the pixel pitch, this settingcan prevent such a phenomenon.

Alternatively, it is possible that the pitch P1 of the cathode layers 15of the lighting portion 200 is larger than the pitch P2 of the pixelsand a ratio of the line pitch P1 to the pixel pitch P2 (P1/P2) is anatural number. This setting can prevent interference fringes or moiréfringes.

The lines of the cathode layers 15 of the lighting portion 200 canobliquely extend deviated from the row direction (x) as shown in FIG. 5.This setting can prevent interference fringes or moiré fringes.

Next, a display device of a second embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showinga structure of a reflective liquid crystal display portion 300 and itsconnection with a lighting portion 200, which corresponds to thecross-sectional view of FIG. 3 along line X-X. The feature of thisembodiment is that the first transparent substrate 10 and the fourthtransparent substrate 34 of the first embodiment are combined togetheras a transparent substrate. That is, as shown in FIG. 6, a firsttransparent substrate 10 is omitted and an organic EL element 12 isformed on a fourth transparent substrate 34. This can reduce the totalthickness of the display device and a cost.

Next, a display device of a third embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to figures. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of thewhole display device. An anode layer 13A of an organic EL element 12 hasa linear pattern in this embodiment, while the anode layer 13 of theorganic EL element 12 of the first embodiment (FIG. 1) does not have alinear pattern.

That is, the plurality of anode layers 13A having a linear pattern isformed on the first transparent substrate 10, an organic layer 14 isformed covering these anode layers 13A, and a plurality of cathodelayers 15 having the same linear pattern is formed on this organic layer14. The lines of the cathode layers 15 and the lines of the anode layers1 3A formed thereunder are superposed. The other structure than this isthe same as that of the first embodiment.

When the anode layer 13 made of ITO or IZO is formed on the firsttransparent substrate 10 without being separated into plural numbers asin the first embodiment (FIG. 1), external light entering through thesecond transparent substrate 20 or light emitted from the organic ELelement 12 is reflected by the anode layer 13 due to a difference inrefractive index, thereby degrading the contrast of a liquid crystaldisplay. On the other hand, light passing between the lines of the anodelayers 1 3A is not reflected by the anode layer 13A in this embodiment.Therefore, light transmittance increases, thereby enhancing the contrastof a liquid crystal display.

Although a desiccant layer 16 is formed on the front surface of thesecond transparent substrate 20 so as to face a first transparentsubstrate 10 in the structure of FIG. 7, it is possible to fill a spacesurrounded by the first transparent substrate 10, the second transparentsubstrate 20, and the sealing layer 11 with resin 17 having the samerefractive index as that of the first transparent substrate as shown inFIG. 8.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300 and its connection with the lightingportion 200, which corresponds to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3along line X-X. The structure of the reflective liquid crystal displayportion 300 is totally the same as that of the first embodiment. It ispreferable to dispose the lines of the cathode layers 15 of the lightingportion 200 right above the separating regions SR of the reflectivepixel electrodes 33, which do not contribute to a liquid crystaldisplay, as described above. The lines of the anode layers 13A are alsosuperposed on the lines of the cathode layers 15. A portion of theorganic layer 14 interposed between the lines of the anode layers 13Aand the lines of the cathode layers 15 serves as an emissive region. Thelines of the cathode layers 15 prevent leakage of light emitted by theemissive region. By setting a width W1 of the lines of the cathodelayers 15 larger than a width W2 of the lines of the anode layers 13A,the leakage of the light can be reduced more and the contrast of aliquid crystal display can be further enhanced.

Next, a display device of a fourth embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to FIG. 10. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional viewshowing a structure of a reflective liquid crystal display portion 300and its connection with a lighting portion 200, which corresponds to thecross-sectional view of FIG. 3 along line X-X. The feature of thisembodiment is that the first transparent substrate 10 and the fourthtransparent substrate 34 of the third embodiment are combined togetheras a transparent substrate. That is, a first transparent substrate 10 isomitted and an organic EL element 12 is formed on a fourth transparentsubstrate 34 as shown in FIG. 10. This can reduce the total thickness ofthe display device and a cost.

Next, a display device of a fifth embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to figures. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of thewhole display device. An anode layer 13A and an organic layer 14A of anorganic EL element 12 have a linear pattern in this embodiment, whilethe anode layer 13 and the organic layer 14 of the organic EL element 12of the first embodiment (FIG. 1) do not have a linear pattern.

That is, the plurality of anode layers 13A having a linear pattern isformed on the first transparent substrate 10, the plurality of organiclayers 1 4A having a linear pattern is layered on these anode layers13A, and the plurality of cathode layers 15 having the same linearpattern is formed on these organic layers 1 4A. The lines of the cathodelayers 1 5A, and the lines of the organic layers 14A and the lines ofthe anode layers 13A formed thereunder are superposed. The otherstructure than this is the same as the structure of the firstembodiment.

When the anode layer 13 made of ITO or IZO having a nonlinear pattern isformed on the first transparent substrate 10 as in the first embodiment(FIG. 1), external light entering through the second transparentsubstrate 20 or light emitted by the organic EL element 12 is reflectedby the anode layer 13 due to a difference in refractive index, therebydegrading the contrast of a liquid crystal display. The same reflectionoccurs by the organic layer 14, too.

On the other hand, light passing between the lines of the anode layers13A and the organic layers 14A is not reflected by these layers in thisembodiment. Therefore, light transmittance increases, enhancing thecontrast of a liquid crystal display.

Although a desiccant layer 16 is formed on the front surface of thesecond transparent substrate 20, facing the first transparent substrate10 in the structure of FIG. 11, it is possible to fill a spacesurrounded by the first transparent substrate 10, the second transparentsubstrate 20, and the sealing layer 11 with resin 17 having the samerefractive index as that of the first transparent substrate as shown inFIG. 12.

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300 and its connection with the lightingportion 200, which corresponds to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3along line X-X. The structure of the reflective liquid crystal displayportion 300 is totally the same as that of the first embodiment. It ispreferable to dispose the lines of the cathode layers 15 of the lightingportion 200 right above the separating regions SR of the reflectivepixel electrodes 33, which do not contribute to a liquid crystaldisplay, as described above. In this case, the lines of the anode layers13A and the organic layers 14A are also superposed on the lines of thecathode layers 15. The lines of the organic layers 14A interposedbetween the lines of the anode layers 13A and the lines of the cathodelayers 15 serve as emissive regions. The lines of the cathode layers 15prevent leakage of light emitted by the emissive regions. By setting awidth W1 of the lines of the cathode layers 15 larger than a width W3 ofthe lines of the organic layers 14A and a width W4 of the lines of theanode layers 13A, the leakage of the light can be reduced more and thecontrast of a liquid crystal display can be further enhanced.

It is preferable to set a length L between an edge of the lines of thecathode layers 15 and an edge of the lines of the organic layers 14Alarger than a thickness T of the organic layers 14A for further reducingleakage of light, as shown in FIG. 14. It is possible to set the widthW3 of the lines of the organic layers 14A larger than the width W4 ofthe lines of the anode layers 13A.

Next, a display device of a sixth embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to FIG. 15. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional viewshowing a structure of a reflective liquid crystal display portion 300and its connection with a lighting portion 200, which corresponds to thecross-sectional view of FIG. 3 along line X-X. The feature of thisembodiment is that the first transparent substrate 10 and the fourthtransparent substrate 34 of the fifth embodiment are combined togetheras a transparent substrate. That is, a first transparent substrate 10 isomitted and an organic EL element 12 is formed on a fourth transparentsubstrate 34 as shown in FIG. 15. This can reduce the total thickness ofthe display device and a cost.

It is possible to dispose the lines of the cathode layers 15 above thereflective pixel electrode 33 and not above the separating region SR byadjusting the pitch of the lines of the cathode layers 15. The cathodelayers 15 can also form a mesh pattern as well as the linear pattern.

In the fifth and sixth embodiments, the cathode layer 15 can be formedso as to cover the organic layer 14 and the anode layer 13 as shown inFIG. 16.

A display device of a seventh embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to figures. First, the whole structure of thisdisplay device will be described referring to FIG. 17. A lightingportion 200 is attached on a reflective liquid crystal display portion300. The structure of the lighting portion 200 is as follows. A firsttransparent substrate 10 and a second transparent substrate 20 made of aglass substrate, etc. are attached to each other with a sealing layer 11coated on those peripheral portions therebetween. The back surface ofthe first transparent substrate 10 is attached to the reflective liquidcrystal display portion 300.

Differing from the first embodiment, an organic EL element 12 is formedon the front surface of the second transparent substrate 20, that isopposed to the first transparent substrate 10. Thus, the organic ELelement 12 is sealed in a space surrounded by the first transparentsubstrate 10, the second transparent substrate 20, and the sealing layer11. The organic EL element 12 is formed in a region corresponding to apixel region 310 (see FIG. 3) of the reflective liquid crystal displayportion 300.

The organic EL element 12 is of a top emission type, and includes ananode layer 13 formed on the second transparent substrate 20, an organiclayer 14 covering this anode layer 13, and a plurality of cathode layers15 formed on this organic layer 14 to have a linear pattern. A pluralityof light shield layers 18 shielding light emitted by the organic ELelement 12 is formed under the anode layer 13, having a linear patterncorresponding to the cathode layer 15.

The anode layer 13 is made of a transparent conductive material such asITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO (Indium Zinc Oxide). The organic layer 14is made of an electron transport layer, an emissive layer, and a holetransport layer. The cathode layer 15 is made of a semitransparentelectrode material, for example, a silver layer (Ag layer) or a goldlayer (Au layer). The anode layer 13 is 100 nm, the organic layer 14 is200 nm, and the cathode layer 15 is 10 nm in thickness.

A portion of the organic layer 14 that is interposed between the anodelayer 13 and the cathode layer 15 is an emissive region. That is, theorganic layer 14 immediately under the cathode layer 15 is the emissiveregion, and this emissive region forms the same linear pattern as thecathode layer 15 in its plan view. The emissive region emits light byapplying a positive potential to the anode layer 13 and a negativepotential to the cathode layer 15.

Light emitted downward from the emissive region goes to the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300 through the cathode layer 15. Most oflight emitted upward from the emissive region is shielded by the lightshield layer 18. This minimizes the light emitted from the emissiveregion from directly entering the eyes of a viewer watching the lightingportion 200 from thereabove, and thus enhances the display contrast ofthe reflective liquid crystal display portion 300.

The anode layer 13 can be formed in a predetermined region by aphotoetching technology after a transparent conductive material such asITO or IZO is formed on the second transparent substrate 20, coveringthe light shield layer 18 that is previously formed and the secondtransparent substrate. The organic layer 14 and the cathode layer 15 canbe formed in a predetermined region by a vapor-deposition method using amask.

Since moisture infiltration degrades the emission characteristics of theorganic EL element 12, it is preferable to form a desiccant layer 16 onthe front surface of the first transparent substrate 10 so as to facethe second transparent substrate 20, for preventing the infiltration.Moisture infiltrating into the sealed space through the sealing layer 11is absorbed by the desiccant layer 16.

It is preferable that the desiccant layer 16 is formed on the peripheralportion of the first transparent substrate 10 without overlapping theorganic EL element 12 so as to avoid blocking external light enteringthe organic EL element 12 through the second transparent substrate 20.However, the desiccant layer 16 is not necessarily formed in such amanner when it is made of a transparent material. It is preferable toattach an antireflection film 21 on the back surface of the secondtransparent substrate 20 for preventing reflection of external light.

It is possible to fill the space surrounded by the first transparentsubstrate 10, the second transparent substrate 20, and the sealing layer11 with resin 17 having the same or almost the same refractive index asthat of the first transparent substrate, as shown in FIG. 18. This cancertainly block moisture from infiltrating through the sealing layer 11.Alternatively, the resin 17 and the sealing layer 11 can be formedintegrally.

Since an air layer exists between the organic EL element 12 and thefirst transparent substrate 10 in the structure of FIG. 17, externallight entering the second transparent substrate 20 is reflected by aninterface between the air layer and the first transparent substrate 10,thereby degrading the contrast of a liquid crystal display. On the otherhand, in the structure of FIG. 18, external light entering the secondtransparent substrate 20 enters the reflective liquid crystal displayportion 300 without reflected by the interface of the first transparentsubstrate 10, thereby enhancing the contrast of a liquid crystaldisplay. It is possible to provide the structure of FIG. 18 with thedesiccant layer 16 of FIG. 17.

Next, the structure of the reflective liquid crystal display portion 300lighted by the described lighting portion 200 and its connection withthe lighting portion 200 will be described referring to FIGS. 3 and 19.FIG. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the pixel region 310 of the liquidcrystal display portion 300, and FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view ofFIG. 3 along line X-X.

A switching TFT 31 is formed in each of the plurality of pixels providedon a third transparent substrate 30 (TFT substrate) made of a glasssubstrate. The TFT 31 is covered with an interlayer insulation film 32,and a reflective pixel electrode 33 made of a reflective material suchas aluminum (Al) is formed on the interlayer insulation film 32,corresponding to each of the TFTs 31. The reflective pixel electrode 33is connected with a drain or a source of the corresponding TFT 31through a contact hole CH formed in the interlayer insulation film 32.

A fourth transparent substrate 34 (opposing substrate) made of a glasssubstrate is disposed, being opposed to the third transparent substrate30 formed with the reflective pixel electrodes 33. A common electrode 35made of ITO is formed on the front surface of the fourth transparentsubstrate 34. A light scattering layer 36 made of a diffusion adhesionlayer and a polarizing plate 37 are layered on the back surface of thefourth transparent substrate 34 in this order. The light scatteringlayer 36 is provided for scattering light from the lighting portion 200to equally irradiate the pixel electrode 33 with the light. A liquidcrystal layer 40 is sealed between the fourth transparent substrate 34and the third transparent substrate 30.

With the described structure, light emitted from the lighting portion200 is polarized in a predetermined direction by the polarizing plate37, passes through the light scattering layer 36, the fourth transparentsubstrate 34, and the common electrode 35, enters the liquid crystallayer 40, and is reflected by the reflective pixel electrodes 33. Thelight reflected by the reflective pixel electrodes 33 returns throughthe same route and is visually recognized by a viewer through spacesbetween the lines of the cathode layers 15.

At this time, light transmittance changes in each of the pixels by anelectric field applied between the pixel electrodes 33 and the commonelectrode 35. Therefore, intensity of light reflected by the pixelelectrodes 33 changes in each of the pixels, so that a LCD display canbe realized. The light shield layer 18 of the lighting portion 200prevents leakage of the light from the light emissive region of theorganic EL element 12 as described above, thereby enhancing the contrastof the LCD display.

It is preferable that the lighting portion 200 is disposed above thereflective liquid crystal display portion 300 adjacently. However, if anair layer exists between the lighting portion 200 and the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300, light emitted from the firsttransparent substrate 10 of the lighting portion 200 is reflected by aninterface between the first transparent substrate 10 and the air layerwhen entering the air layer and returns to the viewer side, so that thecontrast can be degraded.

Therefore, it is preferable to attach the lighting portion 200 and thereflective liquid crystal display portion 300 with a resin layer 45(e.g. a UV curable resin layer or a visible light curable resin layer)having the same refractive index as that of the first transparentsubstrate 10 interposed therebetween, for preventing the lightreflection.

Next, a positional relationship between the lighting portion 200 and thepixels of the reflective LCD 300 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3,three types of pixels R, G, and B corresponding to three primary colorsof red, green, and blue respectively are arrayed in a row direction (x)and a column direction (y) in the pixel region 3 1 0 of the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300. Although FIG. 3 shows a delta arraywhere the pixels R, G, and B are shifted in each of the rows, theinvention is not limited to this and can form a stripe array where thepixels R, G, and B are arrayed in order in each of the rows. The linesof the cathode layers 15 of the lighting portion 200 extend in the rowdirection (x) along the boundaries of the pixels R, G, and B.

Each of the pixels has a TFT 31 and a reflective pixel electrode 33. Apitch P1 of the lines of the cathode layers 15 of the lighting portion200 is equal to a pitch P2 of the pixels. It is preferable to disposethe lines of the cathode layers 15 and the light shield layer 18 of thelighting portion 200 right above separating regions SR of the reflectivepixel electrodes 33, which do not contribute to a liquid crystaldisplay. This provides an advantage that most of light reflected by thereflective pixel electrodes 33 is visually recognized by a viewerthrough the spaces between the lines of the plurality of light shieldlayers 18 without shielded by the light shield layers 18.

The lines of the light shield layers 18 prevent leakage of light emittedby the emissive region. By setting a width W1 of the lines of the lightshield layers 18 larger than a width W2 of the lines of the cathodelayers 15, the leakage of the light can be reduced more and the contrastof a liquid crystal display can be further enhanced.

It is possible that the pitch P1 of the lines of the cathode layers 15of the lighting portion 200 is smaller than the pitch P2 of the pixelsand a ratio of the pitch P1 of the lines of the cathode layers 15 to thepitch P2 of the pixels (P1/P2) is 1/natural number. Althoughinterference fringes or moiré fringes can occur in a liquid crystaldisplay when the line pitch is equal to the pixel pitch, this settingcan prevent such a phenomenon.

Alternatively, it is possible that the pitch P1 of the cathode layers 15of the lighting portion 200 is larger than the pitch P2 of the pixelsand a ratio of the pitch P1 of the lines to the pitch P2 of the pixels(P1/P2) is a natural number. This setting can prevent interferencefringes or moiré fringes.

The lines of the cathode layers 15 of the lighting portion 200 canobliquely extend deviated from the row direction (x) as shown in FIG. 5.This setting can prevent interference fringes or moiré fringes.

Next, a display device of an eighth embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to FIG. 20. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional viewshowing a structure of a reflective liquid crystal display portion 300and its connection with a lighting portion 200, which corresponds to thecross-sectional view of FIG. 3 along line X-X. The feature of thisembodiment is that the first transparent substrate 10 and the fourthtransparent substrate 34 of the first embodiment are combined togetheras a transparent substrate. That is, as shown in FIG. 20, a firsttransparent substrate 10 is omitted and an organic EL element 12 isformed on a fourth transparent substrate 34 with a polarizing plate 37interposed therebetween. This can reduce the total thickness of thedisplay device and a cost.

Next, a display device of a ninth embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to figures. FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of thewhole display device. An anode layer 13A of the organic EL element 12has a linear pattern in this embodiment, while the anode layer 13 of theorganic EL element 12 of the seventh embodiment (FIG. 17) does not havea linear pattern.

That is, the plurality of anode layers 13A having a linear pattern isformed on the second transparent substrate 20, an organic layer 14 isformed covering these anode layers 13A, and a plurality of cathodelayers 15 having the same linear pattern is formed on this organic layer14. The lines of the cathode layers 15A and the lines of the anodelayers 13A formed thereunder are superposed. The other structure thanthis is the same as that of the seventh embodiment.

When the anode layer 13 made of ITO or IZO is formed on the secondtransparent substrate 20 without being separated into plural numbers asin the seventh embodiment (FIG. 17), external light entering through thesecond transparent substrate 20 is reflected by the anode layer 13 dueto a difference in refractive index, thereby degrading the contrast of aliquid crystal display. On the other hand, light passing between thelines of the anode layers 13A is not reflected by the anode layer 13A inthis embodiment. Therefore, light transmittance increases, therebyenhancing the contrast of a liquid crystal display.

Although a desiccant layer 16 is formed on the front surface of a firsttransparent substrate 10 so as to face the second transparent substrate20 in the structure of FIG. 21, it is possible to fill a spacesurrounded by the first transparent substrate 10, the second transparentsubstrate 20, and the sealing layer 11 with resin 17 having the samerefractive index as that of the first transparent substrate as shown inFIG. 22.

FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300 and its connection with the lightingportion 200, which corresponds to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3along line X-X. The structure of the reflective liquid crystal displayportion 300 is totally the same as that of the seventh embodiment. It ispreferable to dispose the lines of the cathode layers 15 of the lightingportion 200 right above the separating regions SR of the reflectivepixel electrodes 33, which do not contribute to a liquid crystaldisplay, as described above. The lines of the anode layers 13A are alsosuperposed on the lines of the cathode layers 15.

A portion of the organic layer 14 interposed between the lines of theanode layers 13A and the lines of the cathode layers 15 serves as anemissive region. The lines of the light shield layers 18 prevent leakageof light emitted by the emissive region. By setting a width W1 of thelines of the light shield layers 18 larger than a width W2 of the linesof the cathode layers 15 and a width W3 of the lines of the anode layer13A, the leakage of the light can be reduced more and the contrast of aliquid crystal display can be further enhanced.

Next, a display device of a tenth embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to FIG. 24. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional viewshowing a structure of a reflective liquid crystal display portion 300and its connection with a lighting portion 200, which corresponds to thecross-sectional view of FIG. 3 along line X-X. The feature of thisembodiment is that the first transparent substrate 10 and the fourthtransparent substrate 34 of the ninth embodiment are combined togetheras a transparent substrate. That is, a first transparent substrate 10 isomitted and an organic EL element 12 is formed on a fourth transparentsubstrate 34 as shown in FIG. 24. This can reduce the total thickness ofthe display device and a cost.

Next, a display device of an eleventh embodiment of the invention willbe described referring to figures. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional view ofthe whole display device. An anode layer 13A and an organic layer 14A ofthe organic EL element 12 have a linear pattern in this embodiment,while the anode layer 13 and the organic layer 14 of the organic ELelement 12 of the seventh embodiment (FIG. 17) do not have a linearpattern.

That is, the plurality of anode layers 13A having a linear pattern isformed on the second transparent substrate 20 with a light shield layer18 interposed therebetween, the plurality of organic layers 14A having alinear pattern is layered on these anode layers 13A, and the pluralityof cathode layers 15 having the same linear pattern is formed on theseorganic layers 14A. The lines of the cathode layers 1SA, and the linesof the organic layers 14A and the lines of the anode layers 13A formedthereunder are superposed. The other structure than this is the same asthe structure of the seventh embodiment.

When the anode layer 13 made of ITO or IZO having a nonlinear pattern isformed on the second transparent substrate 20 as in the seventhembodiment (FIG. 17), external light entering through the secondtransparent substrate 20 or light emitted by the organic EL element 12is reflected by the anode layer 13 due to a difference in refractiveindex, thereby degrading the contrast of a liquid crystal display. Thesame reflection occurs by the organic layer 14, too.

On the other hand, light passing between the lines of the anode layers13A and the organic layers 14A is not reflected by these layers in thisembodiment. Therefore, light transmittance increases, enhancing thecontrast of a liquid crystal display.

Although a desiccant layer 16 is formed on the front surface of thefirst transparent substrate 10, facing the second transparent substrate20 in the structure of FIG. 25, it is possible to fill a spacesurrounded by the first transparent substrate 10, the second transparentsubstrate 20, and the sealing layer 11 with resin 17 having the samerefractive index as that of the first transparent substrate as shown inFIG. 26.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view showing a structure of the reflectiveliquid crystal display portion 300 and its connection with the lightingportion 200, which corresponds to the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3along line X-X. The structure of the reflective liquid crystal displayportion 300 is totally the same as that of the seventh embodiment. It ispreferable to dispose the lines of the light shield layers 18 and thelines of the cathode layers 15 of the lighting portion 200 right abovethe separating regions SR of the reflective pixel electrodes 33, whichdo not contribute to a liquid crystal display, as described above. Thelines of the anode layers 13A and the organic layers 14A are alsosuperposed on the lines of the cathode layers 15. The lines of theorganic layers 14A interposed between the lines of the anode layers 13Aand the lines of the cathode layers 15 serve as the emissive regions.The lines of the light shield layers 18 prevent leakage of light emittedby the emissive regions. By setting the width W1 of the lines of thelight shield layers 18 larger than a width W2 of the lines of thecathode layers 15, a width W3 of the lines of the anode layers 13A, anda width W4 of the lines of the organic layers 14A, the leakage of thelight can be reduced more and the contrast of a liquid crystal displaycan be further enhanced.

Next, a display device of a twelfth embodiment of the invention will bedescribed referring to FIG. 28. FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional viewshowing a structure of the reflective liquid crystal display portion 300and its connection with the lighting portion 200, which corresponds tothe cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 along line X-X. The feature of thisembodiment is that the first transparent substrate 10 and the fourthtransparent substrate 34 of the eleventh embodiment are combinedtogether as a transparent substrate. That is, a first transparentsubstrate 10 is omitted and an organic EL element 12 is formed on afourth transparent substrate 34 as shown in FIG. 28. This can reduce thetotal thickness of the display device and a cost.

In the eleventh and twelfth embodiments, the organic EL element 12 canhave a structure shown in FIG. 29 in its cross-section. That is, thewidth of the lines of the anode layer 13A is smaller than the lightshield layer 18, the width of the lines of the organic layer 14A issmaller than the width of the lines of the anode layer 13A, and thewidth of the lines of the cathode layer 15 is smaller than the width ofthe lines of the organic layer 14A.

Furthermore, in the ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth embodiments,when the cathode layer 15 is made of an opaque light shield materialsuch as aluminum (Al), the cathode layer 15 functions as a light shieldlayer in itself as shown in FIG. 30, so that the light shield layer 18is not needed. In this case, the organic EL element 12 is formed bylayering the cathode layer 15, the organic layer 14A, and the anodelayer 13A on the second transparent substrate 20 in this order. Thewidth of the organic layer 14A is larger than that of the anode layer13A, and the width of the cathode layer 15 is larger than the width ofthe organic layer 14A.

In the seventh to twelfth embodiments, it is possible to dispose thelines of the cathode layer 15 and the light shield layer 18 above thereflective pixel electrodes 33 and not above the separating regions SRby adjusting the pitch of these lines. Furthermore, the pattern of thecathode layer 15 and the light shield layer 18 can be a mesh pattern aswell as the linear pattern.

Next, a display device of a thirteenth embodiment of the invention willbe described referring to FIG. 32. FIG. 32 is a cross-sectional viewshowing a structure of a reflective liquid crystal display portion 300and its connection with a lighting portion 200. The feature of thisembodiment is that a cathode layer 15 having a predetermined pattern isdisposed on a second transparent substrate 20, an organic layer 14 isformed covering the cathode layer 15, and an anode layer made of asemitransparent or transparent material is formed on the organic layer14. The pattern of the cathode layer 15 is a linear pattern or a dotpattern as shown in FIG. 33. The cathode layer 15 is made of an opaquelight shield material such as aluminum (Al) and functions as a lightshield layer in itself. The other structure is the same as the seventhto twelfth embodiments of the invention.

Next, a display device of a fourteenth embodiment of the invention willbe described referring to FIG. 34. FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional viewshowing a structure of a reflective liquid crystal display portion 300and its connection with a lighting portion 200. This embodiment differsfrom the thirteenth embodiment in a point that a transparent electrodelayer 50 is formed on a second transparent substrate 20 and a cathodelayer 15 having a predetermined pattern is disposed on the transparentelectrode layer 50. Furthermore, an insulation layer 51 fills theopenings of the patterned cathode layer 51, and the transparentelectrode layer 50 and the cathode layer 15 are electrically connectedwith each other in locations where the insulation layer 51 is notprovided. The pattern of the cathode layer 15 is a linear pattern or adot pattern in the same manner as the thirteenth embodiment.

1. A display device comprising: a lighting portion comprising a firstsubstrate comprising a front surface and a back surface, an organicelectroluminescent portion disposed on the front surface of the firstsubstrate, a second substrate and a sealing layer attaching the firstand second substrate so as to seal the organic electroluminescentportion therebetween, the organic electroluminescent portion comprisingan anode layer made of a transparent electrode material, an organiclayer covering the anode layer and a patterned cathode layer disposed onthe organic layer; and a reflective liquid crystal display deviceattached to the back surface of the first substrate and comprising athird substrate, a plurality of reflective pixel electrodes disposed onthe third substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed over the reflectivepixel electrodes and a common electrode disposed on the liquid crystallayer, the reflective pixel electrodes being configured to receive lightemitted from the lighting portion and define a plurality of pixels. 2.The display device of claim 1, further comprising a fourth substratethat is disposed between the first substrate and the common electrodeand having the common electrode thereon.
 3. The display device of claim1 or 2, wherein the cathode layer is patterned to have a plurality ofstripes, and a pitch of the stripes is equal to a pitch of the pixels.4. The display device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cathode layer ispatterned to have a plurality of stripes, and a pitch of the stripes isequal to a pitch of the pixels divided by a natural number.
 5. Thedisplay device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the cathode layer is patternedto have a plurality of stripes, and a pitch of the stripes is equal to apitch of the pixels multiplied by a natural number.
 6. The displaydevice of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a desiccant layer disposed onthe second substrate so as to face the front surface of the firstsubstrate.
 7. The display device of claim 1 or 2, further comprising aresin or a desiccant that fills a space between the first and secondsubstrates and has the same refractive index as the second substrate. 8.A display device comprising: a lighting portion comprising a firstsubstrate, a second substrate, an organic electroluminescent portiondisposed on the second substrate and a sealing layer attaching the firstand second substrate so as to seal the organic electroluminescentportion therebetween, the organic electroluminescent portion comprisingan anode layer, an organic layer covering the anode layer, and apatterned cathode layer disposed on the organic layer and made of asemitransparent electrode material; a reflective liquid crystal displaydevice attached to the first substrate and comprising a third substrate,a plurality of reflective pixel electrodes disposed on the thirdsubstrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed over the reflective pixelelectrodes and a common electrode disposed on the liquid crystal layer,the reflective pixel electrodes being configured to receive lightemitted from the lighting portion and define a plurality of pixels; anda light shield layer disposed between the second substrate and the anodelayer and having a pattern corresponding to a pattern of the patternedcathode layer, the light shield layer preventing light from the organicelectroluminescent portion from escaping through the second substrate.9. The display device of claim 8, further comprising a fourth substratethat is disposed between the first substrate and the common electrodeand having the common electrode thereon
 10. The display device of claim8, further comprising a desiccant layer disposed on the first substrateso as to face the second substrate.
 11. The display device of claim 8,further comprising a resin or a desiccant that fills a space between thefirst and second substrates and has the same refractive index as thesecond substrate.
 12. A display device comprising: a lighting portioncomprising a first substrate, a second substrate, an organicelectroluminescent portion disposed on the second substrate and asealing layer attaching the first and second substrate so as to seal theorganic electroluminescent portion therebetween, the organicelectroluminescent portion comprising a patterned cathode layer, anorganic layer covering the patterned cathode layer, and an anode layerdisposed on the organic layer and made of a semitransparent electrodematerial or a transparent electrode material; and a reflective liquidcrystal display device attached to the first substrate and comprising athird substrate, a plurality of reflective pixel electrodes disposed onthe third substrate, a liquid crystal layer disposed over the reflectivepixel electrodes and a common electrode disposed on the liquid crystallayer, the reflective pixel electrodes being configured to receive lightemitted from the lighting portion and define pixels of the displaydevice.
 13. The display device of claim 12, further comprising atransparent electrode layer disposed between the second substrate andthe patterned cathode layer.
 14. The display device of claim 13, furthercomprising an insulator layer that is engaged with the patterned cathodelayer so that the transparent electrode layer is electrically connectedwith the patterned cathode layer where the insulator layer is notprovided.
 15. The display device of claim 12, further comprising afourth substrate that is disposed between the first substrate and thecommon electrode and having the common electrode thereon.
 16. Thedisplay device of claim 12, further comprising a desiccant layerdisposed on the first substrate so as to face the second substrate. 17.The display device of claim 12, further comprising a resin or adesiccant that fills a space between the first and second substrates andhas the same refractive index as the second substrate.